Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is an extracellular protease that is activated perisynaptically after LTP induction and required for LTP maintenance. Extracellular proteolytic remodeling of the synaptic microenvironment could be important for such plasticity, but whether or how proteolytic remodeling contributes to persistent modifications in synapse structure and function is unknown. Persistent dendritic spine enlargement is associated with stable long-term potentiation (LTP), and the latter is thought to underlie long-lasting memories.
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